Women aged 50 to 57 did 12 months of high-impact exercise with or without hormone therapy; combined exercise plus hormones increased knee strength, jump height and muscle area more than either alone.
Reported an improvementRandomised trial · 80 women · 52 weeks · 2001Early postmenopausalCited 169 timesPubMed
Postmenopausal women aged 50 to 57 did a year of high-impact lower-limb training with or without hormone therapy, with jump height and running speed improving in hormone and combined groups.
Reported an improvementRandomised trial · 51 women · 52 weeks · 2005Early postmenopausalCited 99 timesPubMed
Postmenopausal women aged 49 to 55 took hormone therapy or placebo, each with or without exercise, and researchers found exercise improved bone density mainly in the placebo group, with no added effect when combined with estrogen.
Reported an improvementRandomised trial · 78 women · 104 weeks · 1997PostmenopausalCited 83 timesPubMed
Postmenopausal women aged 40 to 66 did a 1 year supervised resistance training program and gained lean mass and strength, with fat loss seen mainly in those also on hormone therapy.
Reported an improvementRandomised trial · 233 women · 52 weeks · 2003PostmenopausalCited 55 timesPubMed
In 116 postmenopausal women with a recent wrist fracture, hormone replacement therapy plus calcium over 48 weeks did not improve muscle strength, balance or reduce falls compared with calcium alone.
No difference foundRandomised trial · 116 women · 48 weeks · 1996PostmenopausalCited 56 timesPubMed
In early postmenopausal women doing 12 weeks of resistance training, those also given transdermal estrogen gained more muscle mass and fat-free mass than those on placebo.
Mixed resultsRandomised trial · 31 women · 12 weeks · 2020Early postmenopausalCited 41 timesPubMed
Postmenopausal women took hormone therapy or placebo for 6 months; grip strength rose in both groups and knee strength did not change, with no difference between groups.
No difference foundRandomised trial · 40 women · 26 weeks · 2002PostmenopausalCited 40 timesPubMed
In a 9-year follow-up of peri-menopausal women from an exercise trial, hormone therapy use, not the original exercise program, was linked to maintained bone mineral content, while fitness declined with age regardless.
Reported a worseningRandomised trial · 80 women · 468 weeks · 2005PerimenopausalCited 16 timesPubMed
Early postmenopausal women did a year of jump-based power training with or without hormone therapy, and both interventions altered skeletal muscle gene expression linked to preserving muscle power.
Reported an improvementRandomised trial · 52 weeks · 2010Early postmenopausalCited 29 timesPubMed
In postmenopausal women, 12 weeks of resistance training reduced intramuscular estradiol, testosterone and DHEA levels regardless of whether participants also received estrogen therapy.
Direction not statedRandomised trial · 31 women · 12 weeks · 2022PostmenopausalCited 7 timesPubMed
In 14 postmenopausal women doing a single bout of maximal eccentric leg exercise, those not using hormone therapy showed greater muscle damage markers than those using hormone therapy.
Direction not statedControlled trial · 14 women · 2009PostmenopausalCited 81 timesPubMed
Postmenopausal women did a 6-week lower body strength training program, and those also on hormone replacement showed improved gait balance, while strength gains were not statistically significant in either group.
No difference foundControlled trial · 31 women · 6 weeks · 2005PostmenopausalCited 2 timesPubMed
In 378 postmenopausal women across four intervention studies including hormones, exercise and nutrition, those classified as weak gained more grip strength and physical performance over six months.
Reported an improvementOther · 378 women · 26 weeks · 2015PostmenopausalCited 40 timesPubMed
Three elderly women did 40 weeks of jumping, balance and strength exercise, with or without raloxifene, which improved balance, gait speed and leg strength but had limited effect on bone density.
Reported an improvementBefore-and-after study · 3 women · 40 weeks · 2002PostmenopausalCited 4 timesPubMed
This protocol describes an 8-month trial testing whether high-intensity resistance and impact training with or without osteoporosis medication changes bone density in postmenopausal women with low bone mass, no results yet.
Direction not statedOther · 160 women · 32 weeks · 2019PostmenopausalCited 8 timesPubMed
This is a trial protocol for 80 Japanese women over 65 with knee osteoarthritis combining oestrogen gel with 12 weeks of muscle resistance exercise, with no results reported yet.
Direction not statedOther · 80 women · 12 weeks · 2023PostmenopausalCited 7 timesPubMed