Early postmenopausal women doing 12 months of jumping exercise, with or without alendronate, showed no change in spine or hip bone density but improved leg power, balance and cardiorespiratory fitness.
Reported an improvementRandomised trial · 164 women · 52 weeks · 2003Early postmenopausalCited 117 timesPubMed
Postmenopausal women with low bone mass did weight-bearing exercise, aerobic dancing and flexibility work three times weekly for 12 months, and spinal bone density stabilized versus decline in controls, with improved fitness and wellbeing.
Reported an improvementRandomised trial · 124 women · 52 weeks · 1996PostmenopausalCited 104 timesPubMed
Postmenopausal women with low bone mass did 8 months of twice weekly high intensity resistance training with impact loading and showed improved hip and spine bone density and function versus a low intensity home program.
Reported an improvementRandomised trial · 28 women · 32 weeks · 2015PostmenopausalCited 72 timesPubMed
Postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis who did 12 months of progressive high-impact training gained femoral neck bone mass and improved balance, strength and fitness, with no change in cartilage composition.
Reported an improvementRandomised trial · 76 women · 52 weeks · 2014PostmenopausalCited 55 timesPubMed
Postmenopausal women with low bone mass did 8 months of high-intensity resistance and impact training or low-intensity Pilates-based training; the high-intensity program increased spine bone density and muscle strength more.
Reported an improvementRandomised trial · 115 women · 35 weeks · 2021PostmenopausalCited 38 timesPubMed
In a 10-week RCT, postmenopausal women with low bone mass doing step aerobics three times weekly showed reduced bone resorption marker change and improved muscular strength and cardiovascular endurance versus controls, with no BMD change.
Reported an improvementRandomised trial · 48 women · 10 weeks · 2017PostmenopausalCited 41 timesPubMed
Postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis did a 12-month supervised impact exercise program, which improved patellar cartilage quality, leg strength, and aerobic capacity versus controls.
Reported an improvementRandomised trial · 80 women · 52 weeks · 2015PostmenopausalCited 31 timesPubMed
Postmenopausal women did 24 weeks of high-intensity jump-based aquatic exercise, which increased spine, hip, and whole body bone density and improved agility and leg strength versus untrained controls.
Reported an improvementRandomised trial · 25 women · 24 weeks · 2018PostmenopausalCited 33 timesPubMed
Early breast cancer patients did a 12 month step aerobics and impact exercise program; premenopausal women kept hip bone density benefits for 3 years but not 5, with no bone effect seen in postmenopausal women.
Reported an improvementRandomised trial · 444 women · 260 weeks · 2021Midlife womenCited 16 timesPubMed
Eighty six breast cancer survivors did 12 months of aerobic impact exercise training, and postmenopausal trainees showed small improvements in bone structural strength, agility and grip strength.
Reported an improvementRandomised trial · 86 women · 52 weeks · 2012PostmenopausalCited 28 timesPubMed
In 43 osteopenic postmenopausal women, a 24-week walking plus step exercise program increased femoral neck bone density, strength and fitness versus a non-exercising control group.
Reported an improvementControlled trial · 43 women · 24 weeks · 2000PostmenopausalCited 71 timesPubMed
Early postmenopausal women with low bone density did a 14 month high-impact, strength and endurance program and had increased lumbar spine bone density, strength and fitness versus controls.
Reported an improvementControlled trial · 100 women · 60 weeks · 2003Early postmenopausalCited 34 timesPubMed
77 postmenopausal women with low bone mass did water-based weight-bearing exercise for 12 months, improving fitness and wellbeing but not preventing spinal bone density decline.
Reported an improvementBefore-and-after study · 77 women · 52 weeks · 1997PostmenopausalCited 26 timesPubMed
Postmenopausal women with low bone density did 16 weeks of home-based hopping exercise; femoral neck and hip bone density and physical function measures like chair stand and stair climb time improved.
Reported an improvementBefore-and-after study · 44 women · 16 weeks · 2021PostmenopausalCited 16 timesPubMed
A protocol describes a 9 month mHealth guided jumping and fast walking program in 120 postmenopausal women to test effects on bone density, with results not yet reported.
Direction not statedOther · 120 women · 36 weeks · 2025PostmenopausalCited 4 timesPubMed
A pilot RCT protocol will test a 9-month high-intensity resistance and impact training program in 40 perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women, assessing feasibility and bone, muscle and function measures.
Direction not statedOther · 40 women · 36 weeks · 2025PerimenopausalCited 2 timesPubMed